• Aerial Photographs
• Aeronautical Charts
• Air route maps. 'airchive.com: the Museum of Commercial Aviation' (select 'Timetables and route maps' for "the history of over 30 airlines told through their schedules and maps", leading to high res. images; mostly relating to the USA - Chris Sloan) {December, 2003}
• Allegorical maps - see under Curiosities, myths, maps of the imagination
• + Ancient World. Agrimensores (four small images from the 2001 exhibition 'Des agrimensores romains aux arpenteurs du XVIe siècle', with accompanying French text - Royal Library, Brussels) {August, 2002}
• Ancient World. 'Terra Antiqua' (see Pinacotheca (Images) for high res. details of the Tabula Peutingeriana, Notitia Dignitatum, Orange cadasters, Madaba Map, topographical images on coins, etc.; and 'Cartes du monde connu' for low res. scans of classical and medieval world maps - Delphine Dumas-Acolat) {September, 2006}
• + Animals. ‘How Mapmakers Used Animals to Document the World’ ('Explore the variety of ways in which animals helped early mapmakers understand the expanding world of the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries’ - a small virtual exhibition from the Harvard Map Collection, up to 25 June 2022) {December, 2020}
• Annotated map. ‘Matthew Paris’s Clickable Map: An Interactive Claudius Map’ (‘an annotated copy of Matthew Paris’s c. 1250 map of Britain (BL Cotton MS Claudius D VI), made using Omeka’s Neatline extension’) {September, 2022}
• Arabic, see 'Islamic' below
• Architecture (history)
• + Art & cartography. 'The Art of the Hand-Drawn Map' (exhibition, with high res. illustrations, at the Osher Map Library, University of Southern Maine, 2014-15, curated by Matthew Edney) {January, 2015}
• Art & Cartography. ‘Putting the “Art” Back in Cartography: The Splashy World of 20th-Century American Pictorial Maps’ (by Joe McAlhany; seven maps, enlargeable to high res., with linking commentary – Old World Auctions April 2018 Newsletter) {September, 2018}
• Art & Cartography. 'Marginalia in cARTography' (exploring 'the visual discourse between marginal artistic images and the maps where they appear, as this marginalia sheds light on the content and purpose of the maps, their authors and patrons, and on the historical period when they were made': an exhibition, curated by Sandra Sáenz-López Pérez, at the Chazen Museum of Art, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2014; see the catalogue) {March, 2014}
• Art & Cartography. ‘Vermeer and his obsession with cartography’ (illustrating and describing seven of Vermeer’s paintings featuring globes and maps - James A. Welu for Google Arts & Culture) {October, 2019}
• Art (history)
• Astronomy, see 'Celestial' below
• Atlas title pages. 'Artsz Atlas Title Pages' (26 early title pages, enlargeable to high res. - Oberlin College Digital Collections) {November, 2011}
• Aviation (history)
• ‘The 'Balloon Maps' That Aided Exploration, War, And Tourism’ (illustrated note by Cara Giaimo, Atlas Obscura, January 2017) {January, 2017}
• Baseball. ‘Baseball Stadiums and Maps: Chicago’ (an illustrated note by Ed Redmond for the Library of Congress Maps blog, 6 July 2018) {August, 2018}
• Baseball. ‘Baseball Stadiums and Maps: New York City’ (an illustrated note by Julie Stoner for the Library of Congress Maps blog, 17 August 2018) {August, 2018}
• Bible maps
• Blind. 'Atlas for The Blind 1837' (high res. images of the whole work, which was published for children at the New England Institute for the Education of the Blind in Boston; 'to the best of our knowledge, this is the first atlas produced for the blind to read without the assistance of a sighted person' - David Rumsey Collection) {July, 2012}
• Bird's-eye views, see under Panorama
• + * Boundary dispute. Maine. ’Maps and firsthand accounts of the Northeast boundary dispute‘ (online exhibition, illustrated with high res. scans, Osher Map Library, University of Southern Maine) {November, 2017}
• Canal. 'The Land Divided, the World United: Building the Panama Canal. Maps and Blueprints' (online exhibition at the Linda Hall Library, Kansas City) {February, 2016}
• Caricature maps, see Curiosities, myths, maps of the imagination on the 'Special Topics' page
• Cartifacts, see under Curiosities
• Cartographic design. ‘The George Jenks Map Collection at the Kenneth Spencer Research Library’ (an online version of a 2018 exhibition created by Travis M. White, Kansas University Libraries, to illustrate the career of Jenks, who ‘helped push the boundaries of cartographic research and design’; see also a Kenneth Spencer Research Library blog post) {December, 2018}
• + Cartographic ephemera. ‘Highlights from the Fondersmith Collection of Cartographic Ephemera’ (‘Iconic America: The United States Map as a National Symbol’, an exhibition illustrated with high res. scans, at the Osher Map Library, University of Southern Maine, September 2012- February 2013) {November, 2017}
• + * Cartographic illusions. ‘Look But Don't Touch: Tactile Illusions on Maps’ (an online exhibition from October 2017, featuring 35 maps with trompe l’oeil elements, e.g. as if an inset was on a separate sheet with curling edges – Harvard University Map Collection) {November, 2017}
Cartographic misconceptions - see under Curiosities, myths, maps of the imagination
• + Cartographic nationalism. 'Maps and Nations Exhibit, 1998' (13 maps, enlargeable to medium res., briefly described [by different participants in the Seminar], from Mapline 86/87 (1999) - Hermon Dunlap Smith Center for the History of Cartography, Newberry Library, Chicago) {September, 2005}
• + Cartographic nationalism. 'Maps and Nations Exhibit, 1999' (11 maps, enlargeable to medium res., briefly described [by different participants in the Seminar], from Mapline 91 (Summer/Fall 2000) - Hermon Dunlap Smith Center for the History of Cartography, Newberry Library, Chicago) {January 2008}
• Cartoon maps, see Curiosities, myths, maps of the imagination on the 'Special Topics' page
• Carto-philately see under Philately
• 'Cartouches, or Decorative Map Titles' (high res. scans of 50 examples, 1703-1852, from the David Rumsey collection) {February, 2010}
• Catalan Atlas. 'L'Atlas Catalan'] (Bibliothèque nationale de France)
• Celestial. [a gateway site] (in Russian; described by R.H. van Gent as a 'collection of historical star maps compiled from various websources' with 'links to interesting star maps') {June, 2009}
• Celestial (low res. samples from seven atlases - Davide Neri)
• Celestial (a selection of low res. images from the Philadelphia Print Shop)
• Celestial. '400 Years of the telescope' ('almost 100 celestial maps and prints from the 17th through the 20th centuries', enlargeable to very high res., with commentary in Dutch - Digitized Maps, University of Utrecht) {October, 2009; updated 1 April 2015}
• + Celestial. Adler Planetarium & Astronomy Museum (follow links to 'History', then 'Exhibits')
• Celestial. 'Arabic Star Names: a Treasure of Knowledge Shared by the World (introductory text, with early Arabic stellar illustrations, and a bibliography - Muslim Heritage) {February, 2008}
• Celestial. 'Astronomy' (a selection of images, enlargeable to high res. - University Library Utrecht) {July, 2012}
• Celestial. 'Astronomy in Japan: Science, History, Culture' (a gateway to the history of Japanese astronomical mapping, with illustrated articles - Steve Renshaw and Saori Ihara) {September, 2003}
• Celestial. ‘Astronomy of the North American Indians’ (with three images, including a Pawnee star chart (and a link to a Tulane site with a larger image) - Star Teach) [formerly at < http://physics.unr.edu/grad/welser/astro/american.html >, now incorporated into a page entitled 'Archeo-Astronomy Group Project'] {March, 2005; updated December 2006}
• Celestial. 'Astronomy - Star Atlases, Charts, and Maps' (high res. images of 45 entire atlases (including all the text), with a hyperlinked 'Constellation Index', by Bayer, Flamsteed, Goldbach, Hyginus, Johnston, Reissig, Rost, Schiller and Semler - Linda Hall Library, Kansas City) {November, 2005; updated January 2011}
• 'Celestial Atlases (1822-1850)' (four works, captured in their entirety, and enlargeable to high res., arranged in chronological order - David Rumsey Collection) {March, 2010}
• Celestial. 'The Atlas Coelestis (1742) of Johann Gabriel Doppelmayr' (links to images of the 30 plates on other sites, mostly from the Bibliothèque nationale de France and the Astronomical Observatory of Brera, accompanying bibliographical notes and references by Robert Harry van Gent) {December, 2002}
• Celestial. ‘Atlas Coelestis’ (medium-sized, medium to high res. images of the contents of 53 celestial atlases (15th-20th centuries), including historical and explanatory notes; also a growing selection of separate ‘Mappe’ - Felice Stoppa ) {May, 2004; amended October 2007}
• Celestial. 'Becvar's atlases' (high res. examples illustrating an article by Lubor Kresak about the Czech astronomer Antonin Becvar's Atlas Coeli Skalnate Pleso (1948), etc.) {December, 2003}
• Celestial. 'Of Beauties and Beasts: The Golden Age of Celestial Cartography' (by Nick Kanas, illustrated Occasional Paper 10 of the California Map Society - available in html or pdf formats) {December, 2012}
• Celestial. Carte geografiche e celesti (includes low res. charts by Petrucci and Banet Panadès, M. Ricci's world map (part), a celestial chart by Schall von Bell and astronomical diagrams - Università di Bologna)
• Celestial. Cellarius. ‘Finding our place in the universe’ (images, enlargeable to high res., from the colourful Andreas Cellarius atlas of 1660 with accompanying notes by Philip Curtis, The Map House, 17 May 2018) {May, 2018}
• Celestial. 'Chinese Astronomy' (other map scans can be found via a links list - Marilyn Shea, University of Maine Farmington) {June, 2008}
• + Celestial. 'Ciel et Terre' (virtual exhibition of medieval ideas at the Bibliothèque nationale de France, 1998-99 - high res. images)
• + Celestial. 'The Cosmos in Miniature: the Remarkable Star Map of Simeon De Witt' ('the oldest surviving Anglo-American star map. It was made in 1780 by Simeon De Witt, a surveyor for George Washington and the Continental army' - illustrated exhibition notes, Smithsonian Institution, May-August 2010) {June, 2010}
• + Celestial. 'Divine Sky: The Artistry of Astronomical Maps' (an online exhibition, including images of the full sequence of star charts from three atlases (1708 edition of Cellarius, the 1729 Flamsteed and Elijah H. Burritt's 'Atlas Designed to Illustrate the Geography of the Heavens' (1850)), and astronomical drawings by Trouvelot, zoomable to very high res., with footnoted commentary - Jacob Glenn, University of Michigan Shapiro Science Library, 2009) {June, 2009}
• Celestial. ‘Fortin - Atlas Céleste 1795’ (medium res. images of the 26 plates, accompanied by bibliographical notes on the atlas by Jean Fortin, first published in 1776 - Henk Bril) {May, 2004}
• Celestial. Franz Niklaus König: Celestial atlas (1826): The diaphanous "Atlas céleste" (plates 1-27, 30) (Municipal and University Library, Berne)
• Celestial. 'Galileo: Images of the Universe from Antiquity to the Telescope' (text, images and videos; an excellent introduction to the subject - Florence, Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza) {December, 2015}
• Celestial. 'Goed gezien' (select 'Objectbeschrijvingen' and then 'Het heelal' for 15 low res.images - accompanying an exhibition by Dirk de Vries) [for a further selection click on 'Achtergronden'] {April, 2001}
• Celestial. 'History of Astronomy: Items: Constellations, Maps and Atlases' and 'Museums, memorials, historical places and exhibits' [go to the end for 'Exhibitions', though many of the early ones are now dead links] (links from Wolfgang R. Dick)
• Celestial. 'An illustrated guide to space maps' (medium res. images and brief notes - Jeremy Berke and Cara Giaimo, 22 June 2015) {July, 2015}
• Celestial. Johann Bayer Uranometria (1603) (high res. images of the entire atlas (including all the text), with a hyperlinked 'Constellation Index' - Linda Hall Library, Kansas City) {February, 2004}
• Celestial. Johann Bayer. ‘The Exquisite Drawings from the First Map of the Entire Sky’ (‘Johann Bayer's star maps depict the mythological beasts and characters on both celestial spheres’: commentary on 12 of the images from the David Rumsey Collection, by Lauren Young, Atlas Obscura, 24 October 2016) {October, 2016}
• Celestial. John Flamsteed Atlas Coelestis (1729) and Atlas céleste (1776) (high res. images of the entire atlases (including all the text), with a hyperlinked 'Constellation Index' - Linda Hall Library, Kansas City) {February, 2004}
• Celestial. Flamsteed Atlas Coelestis 1753 (the entire atlas, zoomable to high res. - National Library of Australia) {June, 2011}
• Celestial. Kornelius Reissig Sozviezdiia Predstavlennyia (1829) ( high res. images of the entire atlas (including all the text), with a hyperlinked 'Constellation Index' - Linda Hall Library, Kansas City) {February, 2004}
• Celestial - Mars. 'Channelling Martian Maps' (illustrations and references from the BibliOdyssey blog) {April, 2008}
• + Celestial - Moon. 'The Face of the Moon' ('Galileo to Apollo: Depictions of the Lunar Landscape between 1610 - 1978' - a sizeable selection of medium res. images; online exhibition at the Linda Hall Library, Kansas City based on the 1989 exhibit by William B. Ashworth) {February, 2016}
• + Celestial. Moon. ‘Mapping the moon in black and white’ (a virtual exhibition from the Harvard Map Collection) {December, 2020}
• Celestial. 'The Noble Dane: Images of Tycho Brahe' (exhibition of images, instruments, etc., of Brahe, Flamsteed and Hevelius - Museum of the History of Science, Oxford, 1997)
• Celestial. ‘Old star atlases’ (historical comments and links to atlases by Flamsteed (French edition), Bode, Jamieson and Urania’s Mirror, enlargeable to high res. - Ian Redpath) {April, 2018}
• + Celestial. 'Out of This World. The Golden Age of the Celestial Atlas: An Exhibition of Rare Books from the Collection of the Linda Hall Library' (high res., enlargeable images - an unusual feature is the side-by-side comparison of equivalent maps by different authors)
• Celestial. Petrus Apianus, Astronomicum Caesareum (Ingolstadt, 1540) (the illustrations in high res., with sample text pages and an introduction by Owen Gingerich - atlascoelestis.com) {July, 2005}
• Celestial. 'A Photographic Atlas of Selected Regions of the Milky Way' (by Edward Emerson Barnard, published in 1927; apparently includes 50 star charts as well the photographs - Georgia Tech.) {June, 2006}
• + Celestial. 'Sfere del cielo, sfere della terra - Globi celesti e terrestri dal XVI al XX secolo' (follow 'Layout' for links to selected illustrations - exhibition at the Museo Correr, Venice, 2007-08) {September, 2007; amended October 2008}
• Celestial. ‘Stjerneatlasser’ (medium res. images, with brief Danish commentary, from the atlases of Bayer, Bode, Cellarius, Doppelmayr, Flamsteed, Hevelius and Lubienietzki - Danmarks Natur- og Lægevidenskabelige Bibliotek) {October, 2004}
• + Celestial. 'Tycho's Star Maps' (search for 'Tycho Brahe' for 10 low res. images of celestial globes and star charts - Emily Winterburn, National Maritime Museum, Greenwich) {July, 2002}
• Celestial. ‘Vorstellung der Gestirne auf XXXIV Tafeln’ (a facsimile, in medium-high res., and analysis of Johann Bode’s star atlas of 1782 - Th. Rivinius) {May, 2004}
• Celestial see also under Eclipse, Globes and Moon (below) and History of Astronomy
• Children, see 'Education' below
• Chromolithography. 'A pageant of spectacles: Chromolithography in America' (an introduction, in the form of a video commentary by Matthew Edney, to an exhibition at the Osher Map Library and Smith Center for Cartographic Education, University of Southern Maine [opened 30 November 2023], on Edney's 'Mapping as Process' blog, 1 December 2023) {February, 2024}
• Circumnavigation. ‘The First Journey Around The World’ (dealing in text and image with the first circumnavigation of Fernando de Magallanes and Juan Sebastián Elcano - Google Arts & Culture) {December, 2020}
• Cities see Urban
• Climatological mapping. ‘100-Year-Old Frost Maps Show How Climate Change Has Shifted the Growing Season in the United States’ (Rebecca Onion, Slate Vault, 28 March 2016) {March, 2016}
• Cod. 'In Cod We Trust: Fishing Grounds and National Ambitions in Early Maps of North America' (illustrated post by Lena Denis for the Library of Congress map blog, 2 May 2024) {August, 2024}
• Coins. 'Portuguese Discoveries: Commemorative Coins' (Peter van der Krogt)
• Colour printing. ‘Early Color printing: Cornelis de Bruyn Voyage (83 photographs on Flickr of the engravings from de Bruyn’s account (1698) of a journey in the Middle East, claimed to be the first book with colour-printed illustrations; Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam) {February, 2022}
• Conservation. ‘Hävingult tagasi võidetud kaardid Rahvusraamatukogu kaardikogust’ ([Restoration of maps from the collection of the National Library (of Estonia)]; eight maps and four atlases (the oldest the 1578 [i.e. 1541?] Ptolemy) shown, in medium res., some both before and after treatment, with brief commentary in Estonian) {April, 2005}
• Conventional signs, see 'Map signs' on Web Articles: Themes
• Curiosities. 'A Guide to Unusual Maps on the Web' (links arranged thus: Cartographic Misconceptions; Alternate Geography; Maps of the Imagination, Stories and Games; Maps of Life, Love, Marriage, and the Soul; Mapping New "Geographies" - Bill Thoen)
• Curiosities. 'Aleph': Geographical Fun Atlas (Library of Congress, Geography & Map Division - high res. MrSID images, with the ability to zoom, enlarge and select details)
• Curiosities. 'Cartographic Curiosities: Speciality Maps' (15 medium res., slow-loading, maps, 1535-1868 - Yale University Library). See also Cartographic Curiosities {October, 2001}
• + Curiosities. 'Carto-Maine-ia: Puzzles and Wraps and Oddball Maps' (three composite, medium res. images - Osher Map Library and Smith Center for Cartographic Education, University of Southern Maine exhibition)
• Curiosities. ‘Escape into these fantastical, imaginary maps’ (notes on four literary and imaginative maps by Jessica Leigh Hester for AtlasObscura, 9 April 2020) {April, 2020}
• + Curiosities. 'Kartenwelten' (with sections on fictional and imaginary maps, illustrated in medium res.; an exhibition November 2010-February 2011 - Zentralbibliothek Zurich) {February, 2012}
• Curiosities. 'A Map by any other Name' (J.B. Post - Mercator's World, September-October 2001 - illustrated with 5 low res. images of 'cartifacts') {September, 2001}
• Curiosities see also under Coins and Philately
• Cycling maps. ‘Cycling Then and Now’ (Bodleian Map Room Blog, 7 February 2022) {February, 2022}
• + Disasters. ‘Where disaster strikes: modern space and the visualization of destruction’ (Harvard Map Collection exhibition 2016-17) {March, 2019}
• Discovery and Exploration (history)
• Ebstorf Map. 'Digitale Schreibzeuge' (a 1996 article by Martin Warnke, University of Lüneburg, partly discussing the map and including medium res. sample extracts, taken from the 1950s hand-coloured facsimile, with associated name indexes) {February, 2004}
• Ebstorf Map. 'Et mundus, hoc est homo' (including medium res. sample extracts, taken from the 1950s hand-coloured facsimile - Martin Warnke, University of Lüneburg) {February, 2004}
• Ebstorf Map. ‘Les mappemondes: une image médiévale du monde. La mappemonde d’Ebstorf’ (an essay, illustrated with enlargeable details - Bibliothèque nationale de France) {December, 2004}
• Ebstorf map. ‘Re-imagining the Ebstorf map’ (studying in particular 15 entries relating to Alexander the Great - Yrja Thorsdottir for the British Library Medieval Manuscripts blog, 20 January 2023) {May, 2023}
• Ebstorf Map (enlargeable, but still low res. images of the Ebstorf and six other medieval world maps and diagrams, with German commentary - Hans Zimmermann) {August, 2002}
• Eclipse. 'Historical solar eclipse maps: a short history and chronological albums' ('over 1,000 historical eclipse maps from the 17th century to the present' - Michael Zeiler) {January, 2011}
• Education. '19th Century Maps by Children' (a good assortment of high res. images of maps drawn or filled in by children, with commentary - David Rumsey) {February, 2010}
• Education, see also 'School atlases' below, 'Teachers and parents: web resources relating to early maps', and 'Courses in the history of cartography'
• Ephemera - e.g. trade cards, advertisements - see the various issues of MapForum
• Escape maps. 'US Cloth Maps of World War 2' (enlargeable low res. images [select the map, right click with the mouse and select 'View Image']: Army Air Force (36 maps), Naval Air Combat Intelligence-Hydrographic Office (26 maps) - also history, bibliography and useful 'map identification' details - John Rado) {February, 2001}
• Escape maps. 'War map, escape maps, and more...' (an illustrated note on the Moon River blog) {December, 2006}
• 'Ethnicity Maps of Southeastern Europe (1930-1941)' (enlargeable to high res., with text to follow - 'a guide for researchers and educators about the Volkstumskarte series of maps of Romania, Hungary, Slovakia and Yugoslavia ... created by Wilfried Krallert and the Publikationsstelle Wien (P-Stelle) in 1941' - York University Libraries, Toronto) {July, 2013}
• 'Ethnographic Maps of the 19th Century' (about 40 maps, enlargeable to high res. via Zoomify - University of Chicago Library) {March, 2012}
• Exploration
• Fakes, forgeries & facsimiles likely to deceive
• Fan maps. ‘Fan-tastic way to keep cool’ (illustrated note by Magdalena Peszko, for the British Library Maps and views blog, 18 September 2020) {November, 2020}
• ’Fan maps of the Geography and Map Division’ (illustrated note by Cynthia Smith for the Library of Congress Geography & Maps blog, 15 July 2020) {August, 2020}
• Fire insurance (Sanborn) – see (A) for general listings: Text Themes: Fire insurance and, for specific US states, United States (states & regions); and (B) for general collections of online images: Image Themes: Fire insurance and for specific states United States (states & regions)
• + Fortifications. 'The Geometry of War: Fortification Plans from 18th-Century America' (online version of the exhibition (October 2012-February 2013) at the William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan, with some of the maps zoomable to high res.) {March, 2013}
• +Fortifications. ‘Lille Under Siege: How to Defend a City ... Or How to Attack One’ (an online exhibition from the Harvard Map Collection, featuring a detailed analysis of a manuscript plan of 1708) {August, 2017}
• Fortifications. 'Fortress Europe: Sieges and fortifications on the map' (over 100 fortification plans, 1600-1835, enlargeable to high res., with commentary in Dutch - Utrecht University Library) {March, 2015}
• Garden History
• Geographical Journal. 'Maps from the Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London' (an almost complete set, 1831-80, enlargeable to high res. - Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection, University of Texas at Austin) {November, 2015}
• Geological mapping. Atlas et description minéralogiques de la France (by Jean-Etienne Guettard (1780); scans of all 253 pages, the text just legible, the map sheets (223 onwards) supposedly enlargeable - University of Strasbourg) {February, 2007}
• Geological mapping. ‘e-Geo: un mare di carte!!!’ (3,100 images of Italian geological mapping, also including a few from France, viewable via plug-in; probably several hundred of them from the 19th century - part of a project to produce a complete inventory of Italian geothematic cartography - Centro di Geotecnologie - Università di Siena) {February, 2005}
• Geological mapping. 'Index to colours used on geological maps' (although used specifically for maps of the British Isles (from 1830 to 1897), the changes in the colour coding will have broader relevance) {April, 2013}
• Geological mapping. 'Lower and Middle Mississippi Valley. Engineering Geology. Mapping Program' (pdf maps by Robert Fisk (1944) and other from 1964, 1974 & 1994 - US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineering Geology & Geophysics Branch) {September, 2008}
• Geological mapping. ‘Mining Maps of Colorado’ (enlargeable blueprints, ‘from the late 1800s to the early 1900s’,accessible via address or place, or the index map - University of Colorado Boulder, Libraries) {December, 2019}
• Geological mapping, see also Geology (History)
• German mapping. Landkartenarchiv..De (an archive of German mapping, containing, on June 13, 2020, ‘29,930 different world atlases, national maps, topographical maps, road maps, panorama maps, railway maps, postal code maps, city maps and special maps’ – text in German and English and the maps enlargeable to high res.; Landkartenarchiv De.) {December, 2022}
• Globes (14, very slow-loading - though probably high res. - full-screen images of globes (1699-1873) from the Lanman Collection, Yale University Library)
• Globes. ‘18 Interactive Globes Added To The Collection’ (David Rumsey Collection, 21 December 2020) {December, 2020}
• + Globes. ’3D Globes at the Osher Map Library and Smith Center for Cartographic Education‘ (online exhibition, illustrated with high res. scans, Osher Map Library, University of Southern Maine) {November, 2017}
• + Globes. 'The Art of Cartography: Exploring Mapmaking in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries' (over 80 medium res. images of a variety of early maps, globes [select "Gallery"], portraits, etc. - Benjamin Wigton, San Jose State University, 1999) {September, 2001}
• Globes. ‘The Art & History of Globemaking : Bellerby & Co Globemakers, London’ (a You Tube video, November 2016) {January, 2017}
• Globes. Martin Behaim globe in 3-D facsimile (rotate with the mouse - Bibliothèque nationale de France) {August, 2017}
• Globes. "Der digitale Behaim-Globus - Visualisierung und Vermessung des historisch wertvollen Originals" (includes medium res. details of the Behaim Globe - Lionel Dorffner in Cartographica Helvetica14 (1996))
• Globes. Blaeu. 'De hemel- en aardglobe van Blaeu' (text and images about the pair of 68 cm globes of Willem Jansz. Blaeu, the terrestrial in the post-1648 form - Erfgoedbibliotheek Hendrik Conscience, Antwerp) {July, 2015}
• Globes. Il catalogo del museo ('Globi celesti e terrestri' - 10 medium res. images - Università di Bologna)
• Globes. Coronelli. 'Vincenzo Maria Coronelli, Globe céleste' (images of the 113 cm celestial globe in the Bibliothèque royale de Belgique; see also a note by Wouter Bracke) {September, 2009}
• + Globes. Coronelli. 'Les globes du Roi-Soleil' (an extensive online exhibition, featuring commentary and detailed illustrations, of the giant globes presented to Louis XIV in 1683 - Bibliothèque national de France) {February, 2007}
• Globes. ‘Les globes en 3D’ (55 early globes reproduced in 3-D, with links to normal scans of globes and gores - Bibliothèque nationale de France). [Also here] {February, 2017}
• Globes. 'Les Globes de Coronelli' (click on 'en images' for scans, including 12 details of the terrestrial globe and 11 details of the celestial - Bibliothèque Nationale de France) {July, 2002}
• Globe. ‘A 3D Digital Model of the Hunt-Lenox Globe of c. 1510’ (‘one of the earliest globes to show the New World – New York Public Library) {January, 2020}
• Globes. Hunt-Lenox Globe (3-D digitisation of the c.1510 globe - New York Public Library) {March, 2016}
• Globes. Der "Mainzer Globus" (text [with links to other sources] and illustrations of the brass globe of c. 150-220 A.D. in the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Mainz) {February, 2005}
• Globes. ‘European globes of the 17–18th centuries’ (an explanatory note by Sylvia Sumira about the recently digitised selection of British Library globes, ten of the illustrations are in 3D and can be rotated with your mouse) {March, 2020}
• Globes. Janssonius & Hondius (pair of 17-inch (44 cm) globes by Johannes Janssonius and Jodocus Hondius II, engraved by Abraham Goos, 1648; ‘Including Captain John Smith's Lost Earliest Mapping of Virginia’; enlargeable and rotatable - Barry Lawrence Ruderman) {March, 2021}
• Globes. Mapparium (text and images of the three-storey glass globe of 1935 - Mary Baker Eddy Library, Boston) {December, 2003}
• Globes. 'The Mercator Globes at Harvard Map Collection' (high res MrSID images of the terrestrial (1541) and celestial (1551) globes, with commentary. To learn how the technical difficulties were overcome, see 'Global Navigator: Presenting Images of an Early Globe on the Web') {November, 2002}
• Globes. Mercator. ‘Les globes de Mercator à l’Université de Lausanne’ (animation [including 3D] and text about the pair of 42 cm globes by Gerard Mercator (1641 & 1651)) {April, 2018}
• Globes. Mercator. 1541 terrestrial globe in 3D (Royal Museums, Greenwich) {April, 2020}
• Globes. 'A Minor History of Giant Spheres' (with commentary by Joshua Foer, in Cabinet Magazine 27 (Fall 2007)) {October, 2007}
• Globes. Ostrich egg. 'Oldest globe with New World discovered' ('A globe engraved on an ostrich egg, dated 1504, has emerged as perhaps the oldest known globe to include the New World' - images in the Washington Post, 20 August 2013, relating to the article by Stefaan Missinne, 'A newly discovered early sixteenth-century globe engraved on an ostrich egg: the earliest surviving globe showing the New World', The Portolan: Journal of the Washington Map Society, 87 (Fall 2013): 8-24) {August, 2013}
• Globes. Paris (BnF) (55 globes, mostly 18th century but with significant early examples, digitised in 3D and zoomable; accessible via type, century or national origin - Bibliothèque nationale de France). For a brief comment see a post to the ISHMap-List {March, 2016}
• Globes. Philippe Vandermaelen’s Atlas universel (1827) (six volumes with c.380 conically-projected maps were digitised and a virtual globe constructed (on which see a short video) - Princeton University Library, Historic Maps Collection) {August, 2011}
• Globes. Prague. Globes in the Map Collection of Charles University, Prague (83 globes and related instruments, some in 3D) {December, 2015}
• Globes. St Gallen Globe 1576 (explore the terrestrial and celestial globe; also in French, German and Italian; login via the Menu) {December, 2022}
• + Globes. 'Sfere del cielo, sfere della terra - Globi celesti e terrestri dal XVI al XX secolo' (follow 'Layout' for links to selected illustrations - exhibition at the Museo Correr, Venice, 2007-08) {September, 2007; amended October 2008}
• Globes. ‘Thomas Tuttell: a most unfortunate mapmaker’ (Tom Harper on a 1700 celestial globe and its maker - British Library, Maps & Views blog, 16 May 2020) {May, 2020}
• Graphic indexes, see under that heading in Web texts: Themes
• Gulf Stream. 'Charting the Gulf Stream' (an illustrated note about the map produced by Benjamin Franklin and Timothy Folger in 1768 - Carlyn Osborn, Library of Congress, 7 January 2016) {January, 2016}
• Hell. 'Dante's Hell' (including low res. scans of the maps illustrating various editions - University of Notre Dame) {June, 2007}
• Hell, see also under Paradise below!
• Hereford Mappamundi. 'Mappa Mundi Exploration' (including over 30 hotspots leading to enlargements and notes - Hereford Cathedral) {March, 2014}
• History of Discoveries see also Related Subjects
• Hydrography and Navigation (history)
• Indexes to series mapping, see under 'Graphic indexes' in Web texts: Themes
• Indigenous Peoples. Mexico. 'Mapas indígenas novohispanos bajo resguardo del Archivo General de la Nación. 1539-1764' (67 images enlargeable to high res. - Biblioteca Digital Mexicana) {November, 2015}
• Indigenous peoples. Mexico. ‘The Codex Quetzalecatzin’ (brief commentary and an image enlargeable to high res.; Library of Congress) {August, 2018}
• Indigenous Peoples. Mexico. ‘The Codex Quetzalecatzin comes to the Library of Congress’ (a Nahuatl codex relating a family’s land holdings, 1570-95 - John Hessler for the Library of Congress Maps Blog, 21 November 2017) {November, 2017}
• Indigenous Peoples. Mexico. ‘Mapping Non-European Visions of the World’ (an illustrated note by Lydia Pyne about 16th-century maps drawn by Indigenous artists for the Spanish administrators – Hyperallergic.com, 14 August 2019) {August, 2019}
• Indigenous Peoples. Native American. ‘First Nation's Mapping of Canada: Ochagach's 1730 Map’ (an illustrated and explanatory note of a sketch map of a route between Thunder Bay, Ontario and Lake Winnipeg, made for La Vérendrye by a First Nations Cree; for more on this see History of Cartography 2:3, pp.144-6) {April, 2018}
• + * Indigenous Peoples. Native American. ’How the Barbarians Became Noble Savages: The Changing Image of Native Americans in European Cartography‘ (online exhibition, illustrated with high res. scans, Osher Map Library, University of Southern Maine) {November, 2017}
• Indigenous Peoples. 'Native Web' - Maps (links to identified maps on other sites relating to tribal issues - Native Web: Resources for Indigenous Cultures around the World) {December, 2001}
• Indigenous Peoples. 'Pan Inuit Trails Atlas' (showing how the Canadian Arctic has long been explored and mapped by the Inuit people - 'The Northwest Passage and the construction of Inuit pan-Arctic identities' project) {July, 2014}
• Inequality. ‘Mapping Inequality. Redlining in New Deal America’ (the national collection of "security maps" and area descriptions produced by the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (1935-40); with four coloured categories representing risk to mortgage lenders, these are records of deprivation and racial discrimination) {October, 2016}
• Islamic. 'al-Idrîsî. La Méditerranée au XIIe siècle' (a mini-site, with text and high res. images relating to Islamic and western cartography - Bibliothèque Nationale de France) {July, 2002}
• Islamic. 'Arabic Star Names: a Treasure of Knowledge Shared by the World (introductory text, with early Arabic stellar illustrations, and a bibliography - Muslim Heritage) {February, 2008}
• Islamic. ‘The Book of Curiosities of the Sciences and Marvels for the Eyes’ (a hitherto unknown Arabic cosmographical treatise, the Kitab Ghara?ib al-funun wa-mulah? al-?uyun, known as the Book of Curiosities - a copy, probably made in Egypt in the late 12th or 13th century, of an anonymous work compiled in the first half of the 11th century in Egypt. The manuscript (viewable in high res.) contains a unique series of maps and diagrams, most of which are unparalleled in any other medieval work. These include diagrams of star-groups and comets; two world maps, one with a graphic scale (the earliest surviving example); individual maps of islands and ports in the eastern Mediterranean; the Indian Ocean, and Caspian Sea, etc., with fully searchable Arabic text and English translation - online publication by The Bodleian Library (which acquired it in 2002) in collaboration with The Oriental Institute, University of Oxford). [NB. The site is best viewed with Mozilla Firefox] {March, 2007}
• Islamic. 'Cartography in Islamic societies' (by Sonja Brentjes in R. Kitchin & N. Thrift (eds) International Encyclopedia of Human Geography (Oxford: Elsevier, 2009) 1: pp.414-27) {May, 2011}
• Islamic. 'European Cartographers and the Ottoman World 1500–1750: Maps from the Collection of O. J. Sopranos' (the 143-page catalogue of the 2007 exhibition at the Oriental Institute Museum of the University of Chicago, by Ian Manners, with a contribution by M. Pinar Emiralioglu, illustrated with 57 medium-res images) {March, 2013}
• Islamic History Maps (links from Islamic Unit Studies, mostly to historical rather than original maps) {February, 2009}
• Islamic. 'Links to Photos of Islamic Cartography' (from the Bibliothèque nationale de France - Tarek Kahlaoui, Islamic Cartography weblog, 25 August 2006) {September, 2006}
• Islamic. 'Mapmaking in Ottoman Istanbul between 1650 and 1750: a domain of painters, calligraphers, or cartographers?' (by Sonja Brentjes, in Colin Imber, et al. (eds) Frontiers of Ottoman Studies (London: Tauris, 2005) 2: 125-56) {May, 2011}
• Islamic. 'Mappemondes médiévales' (12 images of medieval western and islamic maps - Bibliothèque Nationale de France) {July, 2002}
• + Islamic. ‘Mapping the Islamic World: The Ottoman, Safavid & Mughal Empires’ (a well-illustrated online exhibition at the David Rumsey Map Center, Stanford University Libraries, curated by Alexandria Brown-Hejazi) {March, 2021}
• Islamic. ‘Islamic maps: The bridge between Classical and Modern cartography’ (a selection, with linking text and a video from Emilie Savage-Smith at the Bodleian Library, Oxford; arcgis ‘Story maps’, 19 March 2021) {May, 2022}
• Islamic. ‘The Maps of Matrakçi Nasuh, Ottoman Polymath’ (the 20 brightly coloured image relate to ‘Suleiman the Magnificent’s Safavid War of 1532–1555. In the work Matrakçi Nasuh illustrates the cities encountered by the Ottoman army as they marched from Istanbul to Baghdad, then Tabriz (pictured above), and the return journey through Halab and Eskisehir’ – Public Domain Review) {April, 2018}
• Islamic. 'Pietro della Valle's Latin geography of Safavid Iran (1624-1628): Introduction' (by Sonja Brentjes & Volkmar Schüller in Journal of Early Modern History 10, 3 (2006): 169-219) {May, 2011}
• Islamic. Portolan atlas. Al-Sharafi al-Sifaqsî (enter, under 'Cote', Arabe 2278, then click on 'Chercher' and then 'Images'; medium res. images of a 16th century [1551?] Arabic atlas drawn in Tunisia, comprising a chart for finding the direction of Mecca, a world chart and seven sectional charts of the Mediterranean - Bibliothèque nationale de France, Richelieu, Manuscrits Arabe 2278) {November, 2005; updated February 2008}
• Islamic. Portolan atlas. ‘Deniz atlasi’ (a mid-16th century Ottoman atlas of the Mediterranean and Black seas, with 8 charts, enlargeable to high res. – Walters Art Museum, on the World Digital Library) {June, 2016}
• Islamic. Portolan atlas. 'Walters Art Museum Ms. W.658' (selected plates, enlargeable to high res. and downloadable under a Creative Commons license, from Piri Reis's richly illuminated 'Book on Navigation', composed in 932 AH / 1525 CE, here in a 17th century copy - a sequence mounted by the Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, on Flickr). [Also here] {September, 2009}
• Islamic. Tabula Rogeriana (the full set of 70 maps from a 16th century copy of Idrisi's seminal 12th-century geography of the known world, Kitab Nuzhat al-mushtaq fi ikhtiraq al-afaq) {October, 2018}
• Islamic. Tabula Rogeriana. ‘Book of the journey for he who longs to penetrate the horizon[s]’ (‘Transliterating toponyms and extracting relevant information’ - ‘an illustrated note, explaining the ongoing research project by Aliaa Ismail, from Factum Foundation’. See also ’The Book of Roger’, Bodleian Library, Oxford 2017) {June, 2018}
• Islamic see also under Asia in the Images and Text sections; and, for Islamic astronomy, see Related Subjects: History of Astronomy
• Isolario. Christoforo Buondelmonti, 'Liber insularum archipelagi' (54 MS map/charts of the eastern Mediterranean and Aegean, on ff.130-150, enlargeable to high res., British Library Arundel MS 93 (South Netherlands, 1482)) {March, 2012}
• Isolario. 'Digitised Book List' (including the full text - viewable as digital flipbooks - of island books by Bartolommeo dalli Sonetti and Boschini; as well as editions of Ptolemy (1482, 1535, 1605) - Sylvia Ioannou Foundation) {June, 2015}
• Isolario see also under Martellus in the Images (World Atlases) section
• Isothermic, isochronic, etc, see 'Thematic maps
• Jigsaw maps, see Special Topics
• Journalism, see 'News' below
• Landscape history
• Land use. 'Land Utilisation Survey, Scotland, 1931-1935' (92 sheets, enlargeable to high res. - National Library of Scotland) {July, 2015}
• 'Literary Landscapes: Maps from Fiction' (40 maps, 'visitors will discover maps from a variety of fictional genres, learn how authors create imaginary worlds, and appreciate why descriptive geography is essential to the story' - an exhibition in the Boston Public Library, Norman B. Leventhal Map Center, February-October 2015) {March, 2015}
• + Literary maps. 'Language of the Land: Journeys into Literary America' (a number of high res. MrSID images, featuring 'literary maps' of the US by modern artists - Library of Congress exhibition, 2000, by Martha Hopkins and Michael Buscher) {May, 2002}
• Literature and Maps: Image and Text' (an interesting, if confusing, site [being rebuilt] with groups of medium res. images detached from their explanatory text; also follow up the list of links: 'Political maps...Petruccelli's maps' - Chris Mullen, 'The visual telling of stories: a database dedicated to the study of the narrative in visual form') {February, 2006}
• Literary maps, see also Special Topics
• ‘Manuscript Maps. Hand-drawn treasures from the Harvard Map Collection’ (an impressive array with a variety of maps (which cannot be enlarged) and accompanying text; however, the complicated navigation, and the lack of a contents list, means you just have to scroll through) {June, 2017}
• Map games. ‘May the Best Player Win: Geographical Board Games of the Past’ (an illustrated note by Julie Stoner, Library of Congress Maps Blog, 3 October 2019){October, 2019}
• Map samplers. ‘March’s Map of the Month: A map of Scotland. [Stitched by] Margaret Montgomery, circa 1800’ (an illustrated note on embroidered maps by Jenny Parkerson, 1 March 2017) {August, 2020}
• Map screen. ‘A large New and Correct English Map of the World …’ (George Willdey’s elaborate 1721 map screen made up of a 4-sheet world map surrounded, ‘instead of useless Ornaments’, by 20 circular maps – Daniel Crouch Rare Books, April 2022) {April, 2022}
• Map signs, see (under that heading) on Web Articles: Themes
• Maritime History
• Medical. ‘Cartography of Contagion’ (an illustrated note by Ed Redmond, for the Library of Congress Maps Blog, 3 April 2020) {April, 2020}
• Medical. ‘Contagious Cartography: A Panorama of Pandemics and Plagues’ (a sequence of 13 enlargeable maps with commentary - Daniel Crouch Rare Books) {October, 2021}
• Medieval. 'A Medieval Atlas' (links pages from ThoughtCo, arranged by Region/Place-name/Century/Topic, and also City & Town maps - most links are to historical maps)
• Medieval. 'Atlantide sotto ghiaccio?' (14 low res. images of medieval world maps, accompanying a text on Atlantis and the Antarctic - Diego Cuoghi) {December, 2003}
• Medieval. ‘A Brief Look at Medieval Maps and Travel Guides’ (a brief illustrated note by Caitlin Dempsey, Geolounge, 26 November 2018) {January, 2019}
• Medieval. 'Cartographic Images' (a large collection of low res. images (both whole maps and details) for a wide range of historically important maps (i.e. they tend to be institutional 'treasures', often in manuscript), some accompanied by extensive 'monographs' (i.e. descriptions) - Jim Siebold)
• Medieval. 'British Library, Catalogue of Illuminated Manuscripts' (search for 'map' for an online selection, from the Department of Manuscripts, of early atlases and books illustrated with maps, enlargeable to high res.) {March, 2012}
• Medieval. Christoforo Buondelmonti, 'Liber insularum archipelagi' (54 MS map/charts of the eastern Mediterranean and Aegean, on ff.130-150, enlargeable to high res., British Library Arundel MS 93 (South Netherlands, 1482)) {March, 2012}
• + Medieval. 'Ciel et Terre' (virtual exhibition at the Bibliothèque nationale de France, 1998-99 - high res. images)
• Medieval. ’Decameron Web’ (sections ‘Antique and Ancient Maps’ and ‘Regional Maps of the Middle Ages’ illustrated with low res. maps from the ‘Cartographic Images’ site – Brown University) {July, 2004}
• Medieval. Ebstorf World Map (enlargeable, but still low res. images of the Ebstorf and six other medieval world maps and diagrams, with German commentary - Hans Zimmermann) {August, 2002}
• 'Medieval illuminated manuscripts from the Koninklijke Bibliotheek' [Royal Library, The Hague] and the Museum Meermanno-Westreenianum (10 images of mappaemundi). {August, 2001}
• Medieval. ’Introducing medieval maps’ (‘P.D.A. Harvey provides an overview of the origins and form of maps in the middle ages’ – an updated version of a 1991 text with enlargeable illustrations – British Library ‘Picturing Places’) {November, 2017}
• Medieval. ‘Kartor med öster uppåt, OT-kartor och andra‘ (about 50 low to medium res. images of medieval mappaemundi [taken, with acknowledgement, from the Henry Davis site] with identifying captions in Swedish) {September, 2004}
• Medieval. ‘Les mappemondes: une image médiévale du monde. Vision du monde’ (an essay on mappaemundi and portolan charts, illustrated with enlargeable details - Bibliothèque nationale de France) {December, 2004}
• Medieval. 'Mappemondes médiévales' (12 images of medieval western and Islamic maps - Bibliothèque Nationale de France) {July, 2002}
• Medieval maps (previously published, well-illustrated summary texts by P.D.A. Harvey, reissued in the British Library’s ‘Picturing Places’) {December, 2018}
• Medieval. Matthew Paris. 'Historia Anglorum' (Royal MS 14 C VII (St Albans, 1250-1259), including the itinerary map from London to Jerusalem, enlargeable to high res. - 'British Library, Catalogue of Illuminated Manuscripts') {March, 2012}
• Medieval. 'The developing world: comparing medieval maps from around the globe' (seven low res. maps and details - Margaret Johnson, Hereford Cathedral, 1999)
• Medieval. ‘The Virtual Mappa Project and DM: Online Editions of Medieval Maps and More’ (an illustrated note by Cat Crossley on the British Library Maps and views blog, 29 June 2018, providing a brief summary and tutorial to mark the launch of the Virtual Mappa Project, “to help create a corpus of digital editions of medieval world maps in a visually navigable, text-searchable, translated format”. See also 'Great (new) resource for medieval maps', on Matthew Edney's 'Mapping as Process' blog, 5 March 2020) {June, 2018, updated April 2020}
• Medieval. William of Conches 'De Philosophia Mundi' (a facsimile [France, second half of 12th century] including enlargeable, very high res. images of circular world maps (ff. 13r and 15r) and various astronomical diagrams - University of Pennsylvania Library, Schoenberg Center for Electronic Text & Image (SCETI)) {October, 2003}
• Medieval see also under 'Portolan charts' below
• Military see World War I and II, and under 'Related Subjects'
• ’Miniature maps’ (‘an illustrated guide to miniature antique maps, charts, plans and atlases’, by Geoffrey L. King; a much revised, and thoroughly illustrated third edition of a work first published in 1996, now extended to 1900; the detailed catalogue entries are matched by a series of essays, and there is an index of those responsible) {April, 2020}
• Misconceptions - see under Curiosities, myths, maps of the imagination
• Missionary maps. Basel Mission Archives (6,700 maps, sketches and plans, enlargeable to high res., relating to various parts of the world where the different Protestant missions operated - select 'Browse - Geography' for an alphabetical index) {November, 2014}
• + Missionary maps. ‘Maps with a message: missionary cartography ca. 1850-1950’ (41 maps arranged under six headings; some/most? enlargeable to high res.; a digital exhibition from Utrecht University Library Special Collections) {May, 2021}
• Mixtec. 'El Mapa de Teozacoalco: An Early Colonial Guide to Cultural Transformations' (an archaeological report, with bibliography, focussing on the map "drawn about 1580 using conventions of both European map-making and Mixtec codex-painting" (which is shown in medium res.), preserved in the Benson Latin American Collection, University of Texas at Austin - Stephen L. Whittington. 2002/03) {June, 2008}
• + Moon. ‘Mapping the Moon: A Brief History of Lunar Cartography from Galileo to the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter’ (an online exhibition - Linda Hall Library, 2019) {June, 2021}
• Motoring maps - see under Road Maps
• Mountains. ‘The Fantasy Maps That Put the World's Tallest Mountains Side by Side’ (an illustrated note by Jessica Leigh Hester, 10 October 2018 for Atlas Obscura) {October, 2018}
• Mountains see also 'Geological mapping' above
• * Movement. 'Mapping Movement in American History and Culture' ('thematic essays and image captions by leading scholars in their fields offer a variety of perspectives on the history and technology of American travel, transportation, commerce, and communications' - a publication of the Newberry Library's Hermon Dunlap Smith Center for the History of Cartography, using more than 500 images of their maps) {August, 2024}
• Multispectral imaging. ‘The origins of the Selden map of China: scientific analysis of the painting materials and techniques using a holistic approach’ (by Sotiria Kogou, et al., Heritage Science, 2 September 2016, discussing a range of spectral imaging techniques) {October, 2016}
• Multispectral imaging. ‘Henricus Martellus's World Map at Yale (c. 1491): Multispectral Imaging, Sources, Influence’ (by Chet Van Duzer); see also ’Open-Access Multispectral Image Viewer for the Yale Martellus Map’) {August, 2018}
• Mural maps. ‘The Vatican’s Gallery of the Maps’ (short commentary by Elizabeth Lev, 13 May 2016, with illustrations at the end) {May, 2016}
• Natural History. 'Mapping Nature in the "Age of Discovery" Pt 1' (a well- illustrated blog page concerned with ' how images of animals, plants and peoples were embedded in early modern European maps of Africa, Asia and the New World', Res Obscura (Ben Breen), 2 December 2010) {January, 2011}
• Naval History
• News. 'WWII Newsmaps' (US Army Newsmaps, 1942-5, 'published by the Special Service Division, Army Service Forces, War Department of the U.S'; to browse the 212 zoomable images, enlargeable to high res. via Zoomify, see here - University of North Texas Libraries) {August, 2008}
• Oil fields (shale). Scotland. ‘Maps and Plans’ (a sizeable collection of maps, from 1984 onwards, enlargeable to high res., covering the Scottish shale fields - Museum of the Scottish Shale Oil Industry) {October, 2017}
• ‘Oil maps of the Middle East’ (‘the role maps have played in oil exploration in the Middle East from the West’s early work in the region at the beginning of the 20th century until today’; notes on five zoomable maps, by Mark Hobbs, for British Library ‘Maps’ articles, February 2017) {February, 2017}
• Orientation. 'The Occidental Tourist: 500 Years of Orienting Maps' (five medium res. illustrations to one of the 'Popular Cartography Exhibits' from the 2004 Reading Popular Cartography Seminar at the Hermon Dunlap Smith Center for the History of Cartography, Newberry Library, Chicago) {August, 2008}
• Ottoman, see 'Islamic' above
• Panorama. 'About Panorama-Maps and this Collection' (a commercial site offering information and low res. images on (mostly recent) panoramas produced in North America and Europe, with indexes by artist and country - Panorama-Map.com) {December, 2003}
• Panorama. 'Birdseye View Collection: Michigan Birdseye Views (Panoramic Maps)' (about 90 views, in medium res. - Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University){March, 2014}
• Panoramas. ‘Rhine Panoramas - Leporello Maps’ (a provisional catalogue, some illustrated in medium res., of ‘all Rhine leporello maps published before 1900’, i.e. ’a long fold out strip popularly used for photo albums in the late nineteenth century in many countries’ – Kit Batten’s blog) {December, 2016}
• Paradise. ‘Maps of Paradise’ (an illustrated note by Alessandro Scafi - British Library Maps and views blog, 16 October 2013) {October, 2019}
• Periods - see Jim Siebold's Cartographic Images site, on which there is more above under 'Large general sites'
• Peutinger Table/Tabula Peutingeriana (partial, medium res. sections of the original [c. 250 AD, covering parts of Europe, Africa and Asia, surviving copy c. 1200] and the 1598 facsimile by Velser, and high res. sections of the entire 1887-8 facsimile - E. Harsch, Fachhochschule Augsburg) {March, 2002}
• Peutinger Table (in 11 high res. segments, with an 'Alphabetical Index of Toponyms' - Sorin Olteanu's Thraco-Daco-Moesian Languages Project (TDML) {May, 2007}
• Peutinger Table. 'The complete map of the Roman roads' (medium resolution, but moving the cursor over the larger towns brings up their name - a commercial site) {July, 2008}
• Peutinger Table. 'Peutinger map: seamless whole, in color, with overlaid layers (Map A)' (published online as part of Richard J.A. Talbert, Rome's World: The Peutinger Map Reconsidered (Cambridge University Press, 2010)) {July, 2015}
• Peutinger Table. 'The complete Tabula Peutingeriana - a Roman Road Map compared with a modern map' (progressively enlargeable to high res., with the place-names for each section given with their modern equivalents (taken from the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World - Christos Nüssli, Euratlas) {October, 2008}
• Peutinger Table. 'Rome's World: the Peutinger Map reconsidered' (the Cambridge University Press website for the 2010 book by Richard J.A. Talbert, including high res. scans of the map, and the book's plates, and including textual information, e.g. a full name list) {October, 2012}
• Peutinger Table. ‘TabulaPeutingeriana.jpg’ (scans of Konrad Miller’s 1888 facsimile – Wikimedia Commons) {August, 2016}
• Philately. 'Latvian map stamps - Sun issue I [on German WWI infantry maps]' (in 1918, faced with a paper shortage, Latvia used the verso of German maps for their stamps; the site includes information about the maps) {July, 2007}
• Philately. ‘Maps on stamps’ ('Historical Maps' leads to a large selection of high res. illustrations with commentary and links). {March, 2005}
• Philately (maps on stamps) (Menno-Jan's Stamp Museum: 'Carto-philatelics'; 'East Africa's postal history'; 'Maps on stamps of the Netherlands' - analytical site, with some examples using early maps - Menno-Jan Kraak)
• Philately. Stamp links, arranged by country (Maurice Oerlemans) {November, 2005}
• Pictorial maps. 'Over 2,000 Pictorial Maps in Online Collection' (high res. images from David Rumsey Collection, including work by MacDonald Gill, Ernest Dudley Chase, Richard Edes Harrison, etc.) {March, 2015}
• Pictorial maps. ‘Alfred Edward Taylor [1887-1959]: a homage to “old time cartographers”’ (a well-illustrated essay on the Barron Maps Blog, 9 October 2017) {October, 2017}
• Pictorial maps. 'Attack Pacific!'. Japanese pictorial maps (14 maps of Australia, Asia and the Pacific, 1940-45, enlargeable to high res. - National Library of Australia) {June, 2017}
• Pictorial maps. Dudley Chase. ‘Designed and Drawn With Infinite Care: the Pictorial Maps of Ernest Dudley Chase’ (a well-illustrated note by Jason Forrest, Data Visualization Society, 27 March 2019) {May, 2019}
• Pictorial maps. ‘Ernest Dudley Chase & Oliver K Whiting and their “Mercator (& Peace) Map of the World United”, 1944-1945’ (a well-illustrated note about three wall-maps of the world by the American pictorial mapmaker Chase and the Quaker pacifist Whiting, by Rod Barron, 27 October 2021) {October, 2021}
• Pictorial maps. ‘Edward Everett Henry [1893-1961]: artist, camoufleur & cartographer’ (celebrated for his Art Deco maps; a well-illustrated essay about the pictorial cartographer, on the Barron Maps Blog, 9 October 2017) {October, 2017}
• Pictorial maps. ‘The Golden Age of American Pictorial Maps’ (30 maps, enlargeable to high res. - exhibition at the Osher Map Library, University of Southern Maine, April-September 2016) {May, 2016}
• Pictorial maps. 'Harvard Map Collection digital maps. E.D. Chase pictorial collection' (47 pictorial map images (1929-43), of different parts of the world, enlargeable to very high res.; 'pictorial maps are a unique genre of cartographic materials and Chase's examples require intensive study to really appreciate the artistry involved and the amount of detail that are a trademark of each of his maps' (David Cobb) - Harvard Map Collection) {December, 2006; revised September 2007}
• Pictorial maps. ‘The Lindgren Brothers of Spokane, Washington and their remarkable “Hysterical Maps”‘ (an illustrated post, about the brothers active 1933-55, on Roderick Barron’s blog, 31 May 2017) {May, 2017}
• Pictorial maps. MacDonald Gill. ‘The life and legacy of MacDonald Gill’ (an illustrated note by Caroline Walker & Andrew Johnston for the British Library Maps blog [not dated] {April, 2020}
• Pictorial maps. MacDonald GILL, 1884-1947 (a biographical site, with separate galleries of his Poster and Painted Maps, by Caroline M. Walker) {October, 2013}
• Pictorial maps. ‘Scott Maps: the life & work of Alva Scott Garfield (1902-1993), 20th century female cartographer’ (illustrated note about the pictorial mapmaker, on Barron Maps blog, 10 January 2017) {January, 2017}
• Piracy (click on 'Pirate Maps' for a selection of medium res.scans - Beej)
• Piracy. ‘A Pirate's pilfered atlas’ an illustrated excerpt from Betsy Mason and Greg Miller’s All Over the Map, about the capture from the Spanish in 1681 of a derrotero, and its copying by William Hack – National Geographic 7 December 2018) {May, 2020}
• Portolan atlases and charts in the Huntington Library (includes descriptions and enlarged, high res. images of the entire contents of about 35 portolan atlases and maps, some unsigned (HM 29 [Vallard Atlas], 34, 39, 42, 45 [King-Hamy], 47, 1548, 2098), others signed by or assigned to Agnese (HM 10, 25-27), Bremond (HM 31), Brouscon (HM 46), Cavallini (HM 38), Fassoi (HM 30 - engraved), Freire (HM 35), Ghisolfi (HM 28), Maggiolo (HM 427), Martines (HM 33), Oliva (HM 40, 2515), Olives (HM 32), Roussin (HM 37), Teixeira (HM 1549), Vaz Dourado (HM 41), Velho (HM 44), Welch (HM 43), and two acknowledged forgeries (HM 217, 218) - they are arranged in their 'HM' order on this page; alternatively, consult the comparative analytical table, 'Chart of the portolan atlases: geographical areas on maps and portolan atlases' {March, 2004; amended September 2007}
• Portolan charts (four charts and an isolario) (fast-loading, high res. enlargements, with commentary - Carol Urness, James Ford Bell Library). See also 'Young Navigators' (leading to: 'Travel through history'; 'Building blocks in cartography'; 'Building blocks in geography'; 'The world revealed through maps')
• Portolan charts (from this 'Subject' list select 'CADA/CHAR', then 'carte', which brings up two portolan charts [Dijon - BM - ms. 0550 and Lyon - BM - ms. 0179] and a map of Italy; to view you must left-click to create a pop-up which can be enlarged to medium res. [the last three links are for the Lyon chart] - Enluminures (medieval MSS preserved in French municipal libraries)) {January, 2006}
• Portolan charts. ‘L’Âge d’or des cartes marines’ (commentary and images for iPad, from the Bibliothèque nationale de France’s exhibition of that name in 2012) {February, 2018}
• Portolan charts. Al-Sharafi al-Sifaqsî (enter, under 'Cote', Arabe 2278, then click on 'Chercher' and then 'Images'; medium res. images of a 16th century [1551?] Arabic atlas drawn in Tunisia, comprising a chart for finding the direction of Mecca, a world chart and seven sectional charts of the Mediterranean - Bibliothèque nationale de France, Richelieu, Manuscrits Arabe 2278) {November, 2005; updated February 2008}
• Portolan charts. Battista Agnese [portolan atlas of nine charts and a world map, 1544] (Library of Congress, Geography & Map Division - high res. MrSID images, with the ability to zoom, enlarge and select details)
• Portolan charts. Battista Agnese (an atlas of 1542-6? - Biblioteca Digital Hispánica) {February, 2022}
• Portolan charts. Battista Agnese (search for 'battista agnese'; undated [mid 16th century] portolan atlas, with (apparently) 13 charts, one in three parts, as well as other drawings, making 20 images in all - New York Public Library, Spencer Collection (part of the Digital Scriptorium)) {December, 2007; amended February 2017}
• Portolan charts. Battista Agnese (links for images and descriptions of various Agnese atlases - BibliOdyssey blog) {July, 2006}
• Portolan charts. Benincasa. 'The style and content of Grazioso Benincasa's charts: imitation, innovation and repetition' (research notes, with accompanying tables, including listings of facsimiles and online scans of charts from the 14th to the late 17th century, by Tony Campbell, 2011) {March, 2011}
• Portolan charts. Bibliothèque municipale de Lyon (follow this complicated route: 'ressources - collections numérisées'; 'enluminures'; 'recherche simple'; then type into the 'Tous champs' box: 'portulan' [note spelling]; finally click 'lancer la recherche tableau' - to arrive at 42 scans (whole charts in low res. and details in medium res.) of the 14th-century atlas (MS 175) and the 16th-century atlas (MS 176)) {March, 2008}
• Portolan charts. 'Catalan Atlas (Abraham Cresques, 1375)' (high res. scans of the six panels from a facsimile in the Yale Map Collection, requiring installation of the LizardTech ExpressView Plugin) {June, 2009}
• Portolan charts. 'Digital Images Online' (a 1559 Agnese atlas and charts by Aguiar, F. Beccari, Doran, [Maggiolo], J. Oliva, J. Olives, ben Zara, and an unsigned 15th century work; first select 'See all images', then click on the 'zoom' option on the relevant thumbnail to enlarge to high res. - Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Yale University) {March, 2009}
• Portolan charts on Europeana (595 medium res. images, as of September 2017) {September 2017}
• Portolan charts. Fernäo Vaz Dourado, Portolan Atlas, c. 1576 (medium res. images of the entire atlas, comprising preliminaries and 17 charts - Biblioteca Nacional Digital, Portugal). [For descriptive text see the Tesouros section.] {July, 2004; amended September 2007}
• Portolan charts. Fernão Vaz Dourado, world atlas, Goa 1580 (including 12 charts, enlargeable to medium res., from the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek) {May, 2016}
• Portolan charts. Francesco Ghisolfo (medium res. images of two 16th-century portolan atlases: Ricc. 3615 and Ricc. 3616 from the Biblioteca Riccardiana, Florence - Istituto Internazionale di Storia Economica "F. Datini": Immagini per la storia economica e sociale) {July, 2003}
• Portolan charts. Gaspar Viegas (attributed) (medium res. images from the portolan atlas of c. 1537: from the Biblioteca Riccardiana, Florence - Istituto Internazionale di Storia Economica "F. Datini": Immagini per la storia economica e sociale) {July, 2003}
• Portolan charts. 'Greek Cartography: the Documents' (select 'portolan' for 37 Greek portolan works, from a database of manuscript and printed maps, atlases and isolarii, 15th century to 1820, illustrated with thumbnails - 'PANDEKTIS: a Digital Thesaurus of Primary Sources for Greek History and Culture', developed by the National Hellenic Research Foundation) {December, 2009}
• Portolan charts. Jean Guérard (a site about the 17th-century Dieppe cartographer, with three sections: Biographie, Hydrographie Traité de 1630, and Portulans; including brief notes and images [details and whole maps, enlargeable but low res.] - Olivier Poullet) {December, 2004}
• Portolan charts. ‘Les mappemondes: une image médiévale du monde. Vision du monde’ (an essay on mappaemundi and portolan charts, illustrated with enlargeable details - Bibliothèque nationale de France) {December, 2004}
• Portolan charts. Ottoman. ‘Deniz atlasi’ (a mid-16th century atlas of the Mediterranean and Black seas, with 8 charts, enlargeable to high res. – Walters Art Museum, on the World Digital Library) {June, 2016}
• Portolan charts. Ottoman. 'Walters Art Museum Ms. W.658' (selected plates, enlargeable to high res. and downloadable under a Creative Commons license, from Piri Reis's richly illuminated 'Book on Navigation', composed in 932 AH / 1525 CE, here in a 17th century copy - a sequence mounted by the Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, on Flickr). [Also here] {September, 2009}
• + Portolan charts. Les Portulans (Carte Pisane, Vesconte, Dulcert [Dulceti], Viladestes [Viladesters], G. de Maggiolo: small details - Bibliothéque Nationale de France)
• Portolan charts. 'Portolan chart of the Mediterranean Sea ca. 1320-1350' (high res. JPEG2000 image, of the trimmed chart extending from the Balearic Is to the Holy Land - Library of Congress) {June, 2007}
• Portolan charts. ‘The Representation of Navigational Hazards: the Development of Toponymy and Symbology on Portolan Charts from the 13th Century onwards’ (by Tony Campbell & Captain Michael Barritt RN., The Journal of the Hakluyt Society , December 2020) {December, 2020}
• Portolan charts. Vesconte (scans, enlargeable to medium res., of the 4-chart Perrino Vesconte atlas of 1321 in the Zentralbibliothek Zurich) {December, 2008, updated March 2021}
• Portolan charts. VOC. 'Perkamenten kaarten van de VOC' (15 high res. charts, covering the East Indies and beyond, produced for the Dutch East Indies Company - National Archives, The Hague) {December, 2012}
• Portolan charts. VOC. 'The secret of eternal life: a recycled Dutch East India Company chart' (fragment from a (probably 17th century) chart of the Indian Ocean, enlargeable to high res. - University Library Utrecht) {July, 2012}
• Portolan see also under Sea charts below
• Poster maps see also under Pictorial maps above
• Printing methods. 'Fabricating the World: Printing with Wood' (An illustrated post by Amelia Raines on the Library of Congress map blog, 23 May 2024) {August, 2024}
• + Propaganda. ‘Bending Lines: Maps and Data from Distortion to Deception’ (a virtual exhibition at the Leventhal Map & Education Center, Boston Public Library, with images enlargeable to high res.) {December, 2020}
• Propaganda cartography: the PJ Mode Collection' (an introductory essay and over 800 maps [1,200 after a 2024 update] illustrative of 'Persuasive Cartography', enlargeable to high res., 'intended primarily to influence opinions or beliefs - to send a message - rather than to communicate geographic information', browsable by subject - Cornell University). On this see the article by Allison Myers, 'Maps Made to Influence and Deceive', for Hyperallergic, 4 August 2016) {August, 2015; updated September 2016, and June 2024}
• + Propaganda cartography. ‘Bending Lines: Maps and Data from Distortion to Deception’ (“maps and data visualizations can never communicate a truth without any perspective at all. They are social objects whose meaning and power are produced by written and symbolic language and whose authority is determined by the institutions and contexts in which they circulate” - online exhibition from May 2020 at the Leventhal Map & Education Center at the Boston Public Library, with images enlargeable to high res.) {May, 2020}
• Propaganda cartography. 'How to Make Maps and Influence People' (Geoff McGhee, illustrated note in the National Geographic, 22 October 2015) {October, 2015}
• Propaganda cartography. ‘The Octopus, a Motif of Evil in Historical Propaganda Maps’ (‘since the 19th century, the motif of an octopus on propaganda maps has represented the inhuman spread of evil, its tentacles grasping for land and power’ – an illustrated note by Allison Meier for Hyperallergic, 8 May 2017) {May, 2017}
• Publishers. John Bartholomew & Son. Floor plans of their Edinburgh premises (National Library of Scotland, 2013) {May, 2019}
• Railroads and railways see under the geographical area concerned
• Relief. New CartoPhilatelist (scroll down for ‘Oh what a relief’, a well-illustrated article by Martin Oakes on the depiction of terrain, from issue 1, April 2003) {February, 2005}
• + Relief models. 'La France en relief. Chefs-d'oeuvre de la collection des plans-reliefs de Louis XIV à Napoléon III' (an elaborate interactive multi-media site allowing exploration of 16 scale models of fortified towns ['plans-reliefs'], 17th-19th centuries [a few outside France], from the Musée des Plans-reliefs - exhibition at the Grand Palais, Paris, January-February 2012) {January, 2012}
• Relief models. Musée des Plans-Reliefs (illustrated notes, e.g. on the method of construction) {February, 2012}
• 'Road maps' (over 1000 medium res. images of road map covers, mostly from oil companies, arranged geographically for all parts of the world and then by company, some captioned - Jon Roma) {December, 2003}
• Road maps. 'Carte Générale des Postes de l'Europe' (enlargeable, high res. images of John Rocque's wall map of the roads of Europe (Sayer, 1781) - Christos Nüssli) {February, 2003}
• Road maps. 'Caught Mapping' (a 9-minute black and white documentary about the updating process for printed road maps in the USA c. 1940. It is available as a download in various formats or streamed over the Internet - link available via the Cartography blog) {July, 2006}
• Road maps. 'Graphic Design from the 1920s and 1930s in Travel Ephemera' (a search for maps found a number of 20th century motoring maps, mostly of European subjects, concentrating on cover design - David Levine) {May, 2002}
• Road maps. ‘The natural world through early modern strip maps: a narrow view of nature (an article by Daniel Maudlin, illustrated with 6 enlargeable images, ‘drawing on the British Library’s collection of 18th-century road maps, travel guides and atlases’) {April, 2017}
• Road maps - also look in the appropriate geographical page of this 'Web Images' section, and see under Map Collecting, and 'Transport' below
• Sanitation. ‘Project: Victorian Sanitary Survey Maps for central Manchester’ (46 detailed maps, mostly from about 1860 – University of Manchester Library) {May, 2019}
• 'School Atlases (1699-1885)' (about 40 works, captured in their entirety, and enlargeable to high res., arranged in chronological order - David Rumsey Collection) {March, 2010}
• + Sea. ’La Mer, terreur et fascination’ (a Bibliothèque nationale de France site for an exhibition co-organised with the Ville de Brest and the Pôle associé Océanographie of Brest, 2005; as always with the BnF there is interesting cartographic material (from the 13th century onwards) but it is hard to find - see for example La mer dans les cartes, with 16 maps and charts (enlargeable to medium res.), or Concours cartes marines) {April, 2005}
• Sea charts. 'Cartografia nautica' (an extensive introduction to the history of cartography in Italian, spread over 12 topic pages [see list in right margin] illustrated with small scans; alternatively, you can select (via 'Ricerca dei termini') from a drop-down list of mapmaker names and titles; see also Collezionismo: cartografia); sea charts are featured and illustrated in other sections as well [see list in left margin]) {August, 2005}
• Sea charts. ‘Cartografia náutica do Museu de Marinha’ (an illustrated overview of the portolan and marine charts in the Maritime Museum in Lisbon, by António Costa Canas, 2015) {July, 2018}
• Sea charts see also under Portolan charts above
• Silk maps see Escape maps above
• Soil maps. 'European Digital Archive on Soil Maps of the World' {August, 2010}
• Soil maps. 'Historical Soil Survey Maps of South Carolina' (the collection of 41 maps (1902-37), enlargeable to high res. - University of South Carolina, University Libraries) {December, 2006}
• Stars see under Celestial
• Statistical atlases. 'Physical, Statistical, Historical Atlases (1757-1908)' (30 works, captured in their entirety, and enlargeable to high res., arranged in chronological order - David Rumsey Collection) {March, 2010}
• ‘Statistical Atlas of the United States: based upon the results of the eleventh census by Henry Gannett’ (the full 1898 volume) {November, 2017}
• Statistical maps ('Historische hoogtepunten van grafische verwerking': Statistische kaarten; also links to pages on Lalanne, Minard, etc. - Wim Neeleman and Heleen Verhage, Utrecht University)
• + Storytelling. 'Narratives & Maps: Historical Studies in Cartographic Storytelling. The accompanying exhibit' (Newberry Library, Chicago, 2000 - 12 high res., enlargeable images)
• + Subterranean. ‘Four Centuries of Mapping the Subterranean World’ (a well-illustrated note about some of the maps from the exhibition ‘Beneath Our Feet: Mapping the World Below’ at the Norman B. Leventhal Map Center at the Boston Public Library – Allison Meire for Hyperallergic, 21 November 2017) {November, 2017}
• ’The Subterranean World’ (illustrated note by Magdalena Peszko, for the British Library Maps and views blog, 31 July 2020) {August, 2020}
• Subway maps see under Transit
• Surveying. 'A térképezés/ felmérés története képeken/ Pictorial story of surveying and mapping' (18 annotated, medium res. illustrations of surveyors in the field, through the ages) {September, 2003}
• Surveying, see also History of Surveying
• Survival maps, see 'Escape maps' above
• Tabula Peutingeriana, see 'Peutinger Table' above
• Tactile Maps. ‘Do [not] touch’ (introducing examples from the Bodleian’s collection - Tessa Rose for the Bodleian Maps blog, 10 October 2022) {December, 2022}
• Telegraph.’ Charting the Victorian Internet’ (an illustrated note for the British Library Maps and views blog, Magdalena Peszko, 16 April 2020) {April, 2020}
• Telegraph. 'History of the Atlantic Cable & Submarine Telegraphy: Submarine Cable Route Maps' (over 20 medium res. maps, from 1858) {January, 2006}
• Temperance. ‘The Road to Prohibition Was Due North of the Gulf of Wretchedness, According to These Maps’ (a note by Emily Saladino, with three maps illustrated) {May, 2018}
• Thematic maps. '100 Thematic maps [of the Netherlands]' (high res. images, mostly from Utrecht University Library, with commentary in Dutch) {March, 2006; updated 1 April 2015}
• Thematic maps. ‘Digging up the Nineteenth-Century Roots of Thematic Map Techniques’ (an illustrated preview of an entry for Volume 5 of The History of Cartography, by Margarete Pearce for the New York Public Library blog, 15 December 2016) {May, 2020}
• Thematic maps. 'The exquisite 19th-century infographics that explained the history of the natural world' (a selection of maps of the physical and natural world - Cara Giaimo, Atlas Obscura, 8 January 2016) {January, 2016}
• Thematic maps. 'First X, Then Y, Now Z: Landmark Thematic Maps' (broken down into six scientific, 'quantitative' themes (then biographically), and also 'qualitative' human aspects including 'Fanta "Z"' (i.e. Literature, Love & Marriage, Utopia), illustrated with enlargeable images, with a good bibliography - exhibition at the Princeton University Library, curated by John Delaney, August 2012-February 2013) {July, 2012}
• Thematic maps. 'The Graphic Works of Charles Joseph Minard' (low res. images of some of the maps - Michael Friendly)
• Thematic maps. 'Homicide in Chicago. Hull House Maps and Papers (1895)' (select 'View Maps' for high res. distribution maps for 'nationality' and 'wages', based on information gathered by Florence Kelley for the United States Department of Labour - Northwestern University School of Law) {March, 2008}
• Thematic maps. Infographics. ‘History of Infographics: Cave Symbols to Interactive Visuals’ (an illlustrated summary by Kai Tomboc, 26 May 2020) {May, 2020}
• Thematic maps. Isochronic. ‘Further Exploration #9: Isochrone Maps (Travel Time Maps)’ (an overview, illustrated with 25 maps - Severino Ribecca, Data Visualisation Catalogue Blog, 13 July 2018) {July, 2018}
• Thematic maps. Isothermic. ‘The First Isothermic World Maps’ (illustrated note by Mike Klein, Library of Congress Maps blog, 25 April 2018) {April, 2018}
• Thematic maps. 'Milestones in the History of Thematic Cartography, Statistical Graphics, and Data Visualization: an Illustrated Chronology of Innovations' (low res. images illustrating a challenging and detailed site, broken down into half centuries, with a good References page, by Michael Friendly and Daniel J. Denis) {April, 2001; updated September 2009}
• + Thematic maps. 'Strijd om de Ruimte in Kaart' (Mapping the struggle for space - a range of low res., thematic maps, in Dutch - exhibition organised by Guus Borger and Jan Werner, 2000)
• Thematic maps. ‘The Stunning Early Infographics and Maps of the 1800s’ (17 medium res. images, with notes: ‘Educational diagrams of scientific discoveries, from the moon's surface to the longest rivers’, by Lauren Young, Atlas Obscura, 30 January 2017)
• Timeline maps. 400 years of Timelines from 1606 to 2005 (316 examples of timeline maps in the David Rumsey collection) {May, 2023}
• 'Timeline Maps' (selected examples, enlargeable to very high res. from over 100 examples in the David Rumsey Map Collection, 28 March 2012) {March, 2012}
• Tithe maps - search for 'tithe' on the British Isles page
• Title pages see under Atlas title pages
• Topographical map indexes, see under 'Graphic indexes' in Web texts: Themes
• Towns see under Urban
• 'Transit Maps' (a large selection [mostly contemporary] of transit maps from around the world - Cameron Booth) {May, 2013}
• Transit maps. Atlanta, Georgia. ‘Tracing a History of Atlanta's Public Transit’ (proposed rail plans from 1961) {April, 2018}
• Transit maps. ‘Evolution du plan de métro de Paris: du plat de spaghetti à la cité futuriste’ (a well-illustrated piece - graphéine, 30 March 2017) {April, 2017}
• Transit. 'The Subway Page: Links to World Subway and Other Transportation Information Resources' (a large site, including a few 'archival maps' - Robert Reynolds) {October, 2011}
• Transit. Urban Rail Transit. 'Late 19th- and Early 20th-Century Urban Rail Transit Maps' (an introduction and examples from around the world, enlargeable to high res. via Zoomify - University of Chicago Library) {April, 2011}
• Transport. ‘By rail or road’ (3,500 transport maps from around the world, 1850-1950, enlargeable to high res. - National Library of Australia) {June, 2017}
• Treasure maps. 'Lost at Sea: The Treasure Maps of the Library of Congress' (Cynthia Smith for the Library of Congress Maps blog, 7 September 2023) {February, 2024}
Underground maps see under Transit
• 'The Upsidedown Map Page: It needn't be a Eurocentric world' (illustrating 5 modern maps and the 1550 Desceliers chart (enlargeable to medium res.), with comments and links relating to maps not oriented to north and with Europe in the middle - Francis Irving) {December, 2003}
• Urban. 'Beelddatabank stedenatlassen' (see 'Overzicht stedenatlassen' for a list of the full scans (enlargeable to very high res.), including text, of 1,700 town plans and views from the atlases by Braun & Hogenberg, Blaeu, Janssonius, de Wit and others; the world coverage is accessible via a town index - Amsterdam University Library) {July, 2008}
• Urban. Braun & Hogenberg, Civitates orbis terrarum (1572-1618) (medium res. images: from the Biblioteca Riccardiana, Florence - Istituto Internazionale di Storia Economica "F. Datini": Immagini per la storia economica e sociale) {July, 2003}
• Urban. City Maps and Urban Environments (719 selected maps, enlargeable to high res. - Harvard Library) {September, 2022}
• Urban. Frederick de Wit. ‘Theatrum ichnographicum omnium urbium et præcipuorum oppidorum Belgicarum XVII Provinciarum peraccurate delineatarum’ (c. 1698, 126 town plans of the Low Countries, enlargeable to high res.; to enter click on ‘Bekijk dit digitale topstuk’ – Royal Library, The Hague) {January, 2017}
• Urban. Harvard. 'Scanned Historic City Maps added to Harvard Geospatial Library' ('a collection of 6,799 worldwide and regional geographic data layers, scanned historic maps and associated descriptive information that can be searched mapped and downloaded for use for use with your GIS software'; a range of cities around the world is included - GIS & Science blog, 30 November 2009) {December, 2009}
• Urban. 'Historic Cities' (enlargeable, very high res. images of over 500 early city plans (mostly from Braun & Hogenberg, but with a large Jerusalem section) - Historic Cities Center of the Department of Geography, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the Jewish National and University Library ). See also under Web Projects {October, 2001; updated April 2004}
• Urban. ‘Hjortsøe's lokalhistoriske billeder - Gamle bykort’ (a small selection of high res. town plans (some as details), mostly of Copenhagen) {December, 2004}
• Urban. 'An Ideal City?: the 1912 Competition to Design Canberra' (while focussing on Canberra, this takes a broad look, in text and 'Zoomify' images, at precursors around the world - National Archives of Australia, National Capital Authority, and National Library of Australia) {November, 2006}
• Urban. 'Mapping Utopia: Town Plans From City Beautiful to Your Private Universe' (four medium res. illustrations to one of the 'Popular Cartography Exhibits' from the 2004 Reading Popular Cartography Seminar at the Hermon Dunlap Smith Center for the History of Cartography, Newberry Library, Chicago) {September, 2005}
• Urban. ‘Mapping a World of Cities’ (‘digital collaboration between ten map libraries and collections in the United States. Covering four centuries, these maps show how world cities changed alongside the changing art and science of cartography’ – sample images enlargeable to high res. with brief commentary) {August, 2020}
• Urban. S. Münster, La Cosmographie universelle contenant la situation de toutes les parties du monde, avec les proprietez & appartenances (1552) (medium res. images of all the town plan/views - Istituto Internazionale di Storia Economica "F. Datini": Immagini per la storia economica e sociale) {July, 2003}
• Urban. 'Beelddatabank stedenatlassen' (Dutch town books by Blaeu, Alberts, Janssonius, de Wit and Allard, with combined place-name indexes; images and text, about 1,700 plans, very high res. - Amsterdam University Library) {March, 2008;amended January 2009}
• Urban rail maps see under Transit
• + Vatican Exhibit (Library of Congress) (a wide-ranging exhibition, including, e.g., plans of Rome, Ptolemy, Buondelmonti, Jesuits in China - but slow to load)
• Wall-maps. 'Wandkarten' (a hypertext note by Jan Werner about the maps in Amsterdam University Library, leading to high res. Zoomify images) {February, 2010}
• Water management. 'Draining America' ( an account of the draining of the US wetlands in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, illustrated with enlargeable maps - Abraham Parrish for the Library of Congress, Maps blog, 5 February 2024) {February, 2024}
• + Water management maps. ‘Waterstaatkundige kaarten (1600-1825’ (an online exhibition of 120 enlargeable maps, curated by Marco van Egmond – Universiteit Utrecht) {May, 2023}
• 'Water management maps in Google Earth' (120 maps, 1600-1825 relating to hydrographical aspects of the Low Countries, enlargeable to high res., with commentary in Dutch - Utrecht University Library) {March, 2015}
• Waterways. ‘Conrad Collection on Dutch Waterways’ (258 images, enlargeable to high res., comprising ‘cartographic and technical materials that document the construction of the Dutch waterway and coastal infrastructure during the 17th to 20th centuries’ – Stanford University Libraries) {May, 2022}
• Waterways. ‘Mapping Europe’s waterways in George III’s Topographical Collection’ (blog post by Mercedes Cerón for the British Library, ‘Picturing Places’, illustrated with five enlargeable maps and two views) {August, 2017}
• 'Weather and Climate' (US daily weather maps (1871-2002) in high res. DejaVu format; and meteorological and climatological data from the 19th century onwards, both US and foreign - National Oceanographic Data Center (NOAA)) {March, 2008}
• Women cartographers. ‘+ other cartographies’ (a digital archive ‘making visible female mapmakers’, comprising images (enlargeable to high res.), with commentaries; started by Kiara M. Firpi Carrión in 2017) {March, 2021}
• + 'Women in Cartography: Celebrating 400 Years of Unsung Contributions to the Mapping World' (online exhibition at the Osher Map Library, University of Southern Maine, March-October 2015, illustrated with high res. scans) {August, 2015}
• Women in cartography. 'Staying the Course: Working Women of Portland's Waterfront. Exhibition Maps' (online exhibition at the Osher Map Library, University of Southern Maine, from August 2015, illustrated with high res.scans) {August, 2015}
• Woodblocks. The Plantin-Moretus Museum (the diverse collection of 14,000 woodblocks, from the 16th century onwards, have all been digitised, search for MAP/LANDSCAPE) {December, 2020}
• World War I. 'British First World War Trench Maps, 1915-1918' (enlargeable to very high res., these can be accessed as 'individual sheets using a zoomable map or as zoomable overlays of each map on a modern Google or Bing map'; there is also a Guide to symbols - National Library of Scotland) {June, 2014}
• World War I. 'Explore our World War I Collections' (apparently hundreds of maps, enlargeable to fairly high res. - State Library of New South Wales) {January, 2015}
• World War I. ‘The Gallipoli map collection’ (a small selection from the collection of over 300 maps, arranged according to Landing (April 1915), Cemetery, Turkish and Trench categories, enlargeable to high res. - Australian War Memorial) {April, 2007}
• World War I. 'Military Maps & Aerial Photography. France & Belgium' (over 400 trench maps, mostly 1917-18, enlargeable to high res.; see also 'Mapping and photographing the First World War' - McMaster University Libraries) {January, 2009}
• + World War I. ‘To Conquer or Submit? America Views the Great War’ (exhibition, illustrated with high res. scans, at the Osher Map Library, University of Southern Maine, March-October 2017) {November, 2017}
• World War I. ‘Trench Maps’(66 maps, enlargeable to high res. - National Library of Australia) {June, 2017}
• World War I. '"Vaga Dvina Junction" Map (in English - circa 1918)' (hand-drawn map of the Northern Dvina River (Severnaya Dvina), originally belonging to the deputy commander of the Slavo British Allied Legion (SBAL) Air Corps) {June, 2008}
• World War II. 'Belgium - Second World War military mapping - geo-referenced mosaics' (the 'maps were created by the Geographical Section of the General Staff (GSGS)' ... and the 'georeferenced and mosaiced layers were created as part of a project on military aerial imagery held by The Aerial Reconnaissance Archives, based at RCAHMS' - National Library of Scotland) {June, 2009}
• World War II. British Isles. ‘German naval charts, 1938-1945’ (21 charts, enlargeable to very high res. - National Library of Scotland) {December, 2020}
• World War II. Federal Newsmaps (212 maps, enlargeable to high res. via Zoomify, 'published by the Special Service Division, Army Service Forces, War Department of the U.S. and were prepared and distributed by the Army Orientation Course during the World War II era' - University of North Texas Libraries) {August, 2008}
• World War II. ‘From the Home Front and the Front Lines’ (a small selection of military and aviation maps, including one from Vietnam - Library of Congress) {October, 2004}
• World War II. ‘German World War II Captured Maps’ (10,000 maps already scanned at high res. [by September 2020] - Berkeley Library, University of California) {November, 2020}
• World War II. 'The Info-Dense Maps Civilians Used to Follow WWII From the Home Front' (an illustrated note on the Toronto artist Stanley Turner (1942-5), by Rebecca Onion for Slate, 23 January 2015){January, 2015}
• World War II. ‘Japanese pictorial maps’ (14 maps of Australia, Asia and the Pacific, 1940-45, enlargeable to high res. - National Library of Australia) {June, 2017}
• 'World War II Led to a Revolution in Cartography. These Amazing Maps Are Its Legacy' (illustrated article about Richard Edes Harrison, by Susan Schulten in New Republic, May 2014) {December, 2014}
• 'World War II Military Situation Maps 1944-1945' (416 printed maps, viewable in high res. MrSID format, and 115 reports, giving daily details on the military campaigns in Western Europe from D-Day to July 1945; including a Flash 'interactive essay' The Battle of the Bulge - Library of Congress 'American Memory') {January, 2006}
• World War II. 'OSS WWII Maps' (152 maps, enlargeable to fairlyhigh res., produced by the US Office of Strategic Services - Penn State Maps Library, on Flickr) {July, 2014}
• World War II see also under Escape maps above
• World War II. ‘Recently Opened Series: German World War II Maps’ (notes and six enlargeable images, by Corbin Apkin, U.S. National Archives, Unwritten Record blog, 1 February 2017) {February, 2017}
• World War II. ‘The Secret Maps of World War II Admiral Morton L. Deyo’ (illustrated note by Ryan Moore about the map collection of an American vice admiral who served in both Europe and the Pacific - the Library of Congress Maps blog, 1 August 2018) {August, 2018}
• +World War II. ‘Top Secret: Decoding a WWII Manuscript Map’ (an online exhibition from the Harvard Map Collection, examining an Army Map Service map of the Luzon region of the Philippines, 1944) {August, 2017}
• World War II. Troop positions (416 printed maps and 115 reports, showing troop positions June 6, 1944 to July 26, 1945 - Library of Congress Geography and Map Division) {June, 2015}
• World War II. 'WWII Newsmaps' (US Army Newsmaps, 1942-5, 'published by the Special Service Division, Army Service Forces, War Department of the U.S'; to browse the 212 zoomable images, enlargeable to high res. via Zoomify, see here - University of North Texas Libraries) {August, 2008}

      + online exhibitions